UNIT 1 第一单元
1. 四合院的常识
AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
四合院是我国古老传统的文化象征
“四”指东、西、南、北四面
“合”是四面房屋围在一起
形成一个’口’字形
[2]
四合院至少有三千多年的历史
是汉族的一种传统合院式建筑
一个院子的四边建有房屋
庭院则在中间
所以叫做四合院老北京的四合院
一般的胡同坐北朝南
大门位于东南方
也就是“风”位
是八卦中的巽位
有“紫气东来”的寓意
可以让温暖的东南风吹进来
象征吉祥平安
四合院中间是宽敞的庭院
是四合院的中心
也是人们休息聊天劳动的地方
[3]
“口”字形的称为一进院
“日”字形的称为二进院
“目”字形的称为三进院
[4]
四合院的常识 词汇表 Vocabulary
| Vocabulary | Pinyin | English Meaning |
| 常识 | cháng shí | common sense, general knowledge |
| 四合院 | sì hé yuàn | courtyard house (a type of traditional Chinese residence in quadrangular style) |
| 象征 | xiàng zhēng | to symbolize; to emblem |
| 合院式建筑 | hé yuàn shì jiàn zhù | quadrangle building (architecture term-rectangular space enclosed by buildings) |
| 庭院 | tíng yuàn | courtyard |
| 胡同 | hú tòng | narrow street or alley (commonly associated with northern Chinese cities, especially Beijing) |
| 坐北朝南 | zuò běi cháo nán | (a construction) situated on the north, facing the south |
| 八卦 | bā guà | Eight Trigrams (Bagua) (The Eight Trigrams are widely used in the practical applications of the Chinese art of geomancy, Feng Shui. The Bagua is a primary aspect of the theory of Feng Shui) |
| 紫气东来 | zǐ qì dōng lái | The purple air (a propitious omen in Chinese culture) comes from the East |
| 寓意 | yù yì | implied meaning, implication |
| 吉祥平安 | jí xiáng píng ān | auspicious and safe |
| 宽敞 | kuān chǎng | spacious |
| 劳动 | láo dòng | work, manual labor |
| 称为 | chēng wéi | be known as; be called as |
| 进（量词） | jìn | measure word for the number of yard(s) in a Chinese courtyard house |
Grammar Structures
- 象征 v. to symbolize, to emblem
structure 1: A (sth. concrete)是B (abstract concept)的象征
e.g. 四合院是中国传统建筑文化的象征。
structure 2: A象征B
e.g. 四合院象征中国传统建筑文化。 - 坐……朝…… adj. phrase sitting +(direction), facing +(direction)
e.g. 坐北朝南
四合院一般坐北朝南。 - 有……的寓意 v. phrase to have an implied meaning of ……
e.g. 风从东南方吹来有紫气东来的寓意。 - ……称为…… v. to be known as
e.g. “口”字形的四合院称为“一进院”。
CORE-TASKS
Core-task 1 我了解四合院的特点吗？
讨论Pre-Task 四合院的建筑特点
四合院是中国传统文化的象征
Core-task 2 四合院跟公寓有什么不同？
Instructions: complete the table with keywords or phrases. Don’t need to type complete sentences. Get ready to use key structures and organizational devices to present your ideas in class.
Key questions: 中国传统的四合院跟公寓有什么不同（差别=差异)?
| 比较 | 四合院 | 公寓 |
| 方向（东西南北） | ||
| 面积（大小） | ||
| 房间数（多少） | ||
| 庭院大小与位置 | ||
| 房间位置与家庭成员地位的关系 | ||
| 建筑特色（庭院，回廊，圆形拱门，隐秘性，大门的设计等） | ||
| 其他 |
Organizational devices
首先，其次/再则，除此之外，最后，总而言之
Comparison devices
- A跟B (不 )一样（一样=不同 or一样=相同）
- A没有B那么 adjective； A不如B adjective
- 拿A跟B比较/相比； 拿……来说
- 相比之下, a complete sentence
The phrase相比之下(by contract) should be followed by a complete sentence.
- 在……方面, A 跟 B有(很大的)差异/差别
POST-TASK
Please handwrite the characters that are highlighted in yellow at least 5 times. 每个汉字至少写5次
TOPIC: 介绍四合院并写出三点与公寓的差异（=差别）
Use the above characters highlighted in yellow and the following grammatical structures to handwrite a short self-composed essay at a minimum of 120 characters.
1. 象征 to symbolize, to emblem
structure 1: A (sth. concrete)是B (abstract concept)的象征
e.g. 四合院是中国传统建筑文化的象征。
structure 2: A象征B
e.g. 四合院象征中国传统建筑文化。
2.坐……朝…… adj. phrase sitting +(direction), facing +(direction)
e.g. 坐北朝南
四合院一般坐北朝南。
3.有……的寓意 v. phrase to have an implied meaning of ……
e.g. 风从东南方吹来有紫气东来的寓意。
4. ……称为…… v. to be known as
e.g. “口”字形的四合院称为“一进院”。
5. Organizational devices：
首先，其次/再则，除此之外，最后，总而言之6. Comparison devices：
拿A跟B比较/相比
相比之下
在方面
有差异/差别
拿……来说
A跟B (不 )一样（不相同/相同）
A没有B那么 adjective
A不如B adjective
- Sources from https://www.weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404179005447241886 ↵
- Source from https://www.weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404179005447241886 ↵
- Source from https://www.weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404179005447241886 ↵
- Source from https://m.gujianchina.cn/news/show-6207.html ↵
- Source from https://m.gujianchina.cn/news/show-6207.html ↵
- Source from https://www.siwapu.com/junshi/27006.html ↵
- Source from https://www.easytourchina.com/scene-v10-hutongs (characters added by the instructor) ↵
- Source from https://www.weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404179005447241886 ↵
- Source from https://m.gujianchina.cn/news/show-6207.html ↵
cháng shí
common sense, general knowledge
sì hé yuàn
courtyard house (a type of traditional Chinese residence in quadrangular style)
xiàng zhēng
to symbolize; to emblem
hé yuàn shì jiàn zhù
quadrangle building (architecture term-rectangular space enclosed by buildings)
tíng yuàn
courtyard
hú tòng
narrow street or alley (commonly associated with northern Chinese cities, especially Beijing)
bā guà
Eight Trigrams (Bagua) (The Eight Trigrams are widely used in the practical applications of the Chinese art of geomancy, Feng Shui. The Bagua is a primary aspect of the theory of Feng Shui)
zǐ qì dōng lái
The purple air (a propitious omen in Chinese culture) comes from the East
jí xiáng píng ān
auspicious and safe
kuān chǎng
spacious
láo dòng
work, manual labor
chēng wéi
be known as; be called as
jìn
measure word for the number of yard(s) in a Chinese courtyard house