Diverse and Inclusive Representation in OER
This chapter was adapted from the following resources:
Getting Started: OER Publishing at BCcampus by BCcampus OER Production Team, which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Improving Representation and Diversity in OER Materials [PDF] by Rice University (June 2020 update), which is under a CC BY 4.0 licence.
“Examples of Intentional DEI in OER” adapted from OEN Learning Circle Resources to Facilitate a Learning Circle under a CC Attribution license.
Creating OER content that is both diverse and inclusive involves intentional design decisions. As Gray and Lalonde explain, “Equitable, accessible, and engaging open educational resources (OER) don’t happen by accident. They happen because someone (often many someones) planned for it and completed the work with intention and care.”[1] This section presents questions to consider and concrete practices toward centering diversity and inclusion in OER.
Guiding Questions
- How will you ensure a diversity of perspectives, experiences, and people are present throughout the resource in a way that is inclusive, respectful, and is not othering? This includes things like images, case studies, examples, and names.
- How might this resource decenter the dominant culture and ways of knowing?
- How might your resource address social inequities and issues?
- How will you ensure that you meaningfully engage with the work of authors, researchers, and organizations from a diversity of backgrounds and lived experiences throughout the resource? This includes but is not limited to race, class, gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and ability.
Adapted from Guiding Questions: Creating Equitable OER with Intention by Josie Gray and Clint Lalonde at Bccampus, licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Citational Practices
Consider what authors, researchers, and organizations you are citing. Where possible, aim to diversify your references. Seek out specific efforts and programs that drive inclusive citation, such as Cite Black Authors. This may be easier in some disciplines than others, but try to identify specific opportunities in your discipline, and partner with your editors and teams to potentially engage with academic organizations focused on diversity, equity, and inclusion in your field.
The University of Washington Libraries provide some helpful guidance and tips:
There are few databases and search platforms that focus on collecting or representing Black, Indigenous and People of Color authors, as well as women and transgender voices, but these resources are limited and can’t be relied upon entirely. The best method for diversifying your readings and citations is to expand on your source types to include non-scholarly voices and writers, which will include a broader range of identities and experiences to add to your research. Consider citing your own or your family’s experiences as part of your academic work, particularly if it is evidence that is not well supported elsewhere. Check out Our Voices (Willard, MacDonald-Scott and Lally) on some basics for citing yourself in research.
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Gender Balance Assessment Tool
“Women are cited less often than men, and are also underrepresented in syllabi. Yet even well-meaning scholars may find that they have difficulty assessing how gender-balanced their bibliographies and syllabi really are. Counting is tedious and prone to human error, and scholars may not know the gender identities of all the authors they cite. This tool aims to help with that, by automating the process of evaluating the (probabilistic) gender of each name and then providing an estimate of what percentage of the authors on a syllabus are women.” -
A database that seeks to enhance recognition and citation of Black academic voices, made by and for Black researchers.
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iPortal Indigenous Studies Research Tool
From the University of Saskatchewan, a search tool for Indigenous thinkers and contributors across many disciplines.
Examples and Exercises
Ensure that diverse contexts are included, all examples are comprehensible by everyone, and stereotypes are avoided.
- Use examples that include a variety of people, organizations, geographies, and situations.
- Use real-world scenarios that address diverse situations and contexts.
- Avoid negative stereotypes or sensitive subjects in problems and applications unless the subject matter demands it.
- Do not make assumptions about prior knowledge, especially around culturally specific examples. For example, not all students may be familiar with Western nursery rhymes or kids’ television shows.
Illustrations and Photos
Ensure images throughout the resource reflect diversity and consider the intersectionality and context of the depiction (for example, is anything perpetuating a stereotype or does the context/setting indicate anything negative).
- Consider the quantity of images and illustrations, and the individuals and populations represented therein.
- Consider the role, depiction, connotation, and purpose of the people represented and the context that you are using the image in.
Resource: A list of openly licensed image collections that include people of various genders, skin tones, abilities, etc.
Key Figures in a Field
When discussing historical, pioneering, or current researchers or studies in the field, recognize contributions from people of all backgrounds.
- Seek diversity in key figures.
- Avoid isolating marginalized figures to specific sections (for example, multiculturalism).
- Where historical figures are not diverse, include current figures from the underrepresented groups.
Names
Ensure that people’s names used in examples, exercises, and scenarios represent various countries of origin, ethnicities, and genders. Ensure that names with particular ethnic or origin associations are portrayed respectfully and accurately; avoid negative comparisons or stereotypes associated with particular national origins or ethnicities.
- Include diverse names representing various national origins, ethnicities, genders, etc.
- Avoid stereotypes associated with certain names or names that present in a certain way.
Resource: Popular Names from Around the World
Pronouns
Gender is a spectrum and gender diversity is something that should be reflected in OER. This means using gender-neutral language, using examples that reflect gender diversity, and using people’s correct pronouns.
- Use a variety of pronouns, including gender-neutral pronouns, for the people included in examples, exercises, and scenarios.
- When referring to a real person, ensure that you are using their correct pronouns. If unsure, this information can often be found by checking their website or Twitter bio or just by asking.
- When referring to a non-identified individual, use the singular “they” rather than “he/she.” (For example: A student should ask their teacher about the preferred citation style.)
Terminology and Language
Ensure that all references to people, groups, populations, categories, conditions, and disabilities use the appropriate terminology and do not contain any derogatory, colloquial, inappropriate, or otherwise incorrect language.
For historical uses that should remain in place, consider adding context, such as “a widely used term at the time.” Ensure that quotations or paraphrases using outdated terms are attributed, contextualized, and rare.
- Replace any outdated, incorrect, or offensive terminology. If needed for historical references or direct quotations, insert context, attribution, and/or quotations.
- Recognize that appropriate terminology is changing all the time, and do your best to use current terms.
- Avoid idioms or colloquialisms that may lead to confusion or misunderstanding.
Resources
- Inclusive & Antiracist Writing Resources [PDF]. This document was created by Simon Fraser University’s Library Student Learning Commons. It includes specific inclusive writing strategies and definitions for terms relating to race, gender, sexuality, and disability.
- Trans Journalist Association Style Guide. This style guide was written to support reporters, editors and other media makers in improving trans coverage. Although focusing on news reporting, much of it is relevant to OER.
- Trans Inclusion in OER. This resource is a guide on how to make OER more inclusive and representative of trans and gender diverse people.
- Disability Language and Etiquette. This Language Guide was prepared by the Disability Cultural Center (Syracuse University) and presents different language choices related to persons living with disabilities.
Examples of Intentional DEI in OER
- Where Does Art Come From?
- Contemporary Families: An Equity Lens
- Food Studies: Matter, Meaning, Movement
- ARTxHistory
- Dress, Appearance, and Diversity in U.S. Society
- Introduction to LGBTQ Studies: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach
- Leveraging Creative Commons Licenses with Dr. Amy Nusbaum
Additional Resources
- Enhancing Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Accessibility (IDEA) in Open Educational Resources (OER)
- Screening for Biased Content in Instructional Materials [PDF]
- Culturally Responsive Teaching: A Reflection Guide
- Guidelines on Inclusive Language and Images in Scholarly Communication
- Video: OER as a Tool to Decentre Whiteness: A Queer Psychology Case Study
- Video: Reclaiming Justice in Open Education (Jasmine Roberts-Crews), keynote, Open Grounds Symposium: Inclusion, Engagement, and Learning through Open Pedagogy and Open Educational Resources at UVA
- Lambert, Sarah R. “Changing our (Dis)Course: A Distinctive Social Justice Aligned Definition of Open Education.” Journal of Learning for Development 5 no. 3 (2018). Retrieved from https://jl4d.org/index.php/ejl4d/article/view/290
- Evaluating OER for Social Justice (OER compilation)
Text Attributions
- This was adapted from Getting Started: OER Publishing at BCcampus by BCcampus OER Production Team, which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
- This was adapted from Improving Representation and Diversity in OER Materials [PDF] by Rice University (June 2020 update), which is under a CC BY 4.0 licence. It has been adapted by BCcampus for brevity, clarity, and to include considerations around pronouns.
- “Examples of Intentional DEI in OER” adapted from OEN Learning Circle Resources to Facilitate a Learning Circle under a CC Attribution license.
- Guiding Questions: Creating Equitable OER with Intention by Josie Gray and Clint Lalonde at Bccampus, licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license. ↵