Glossary

Accessibility can be viewed as the "ability to access" something. The concept of accessible design and practice of accessible development ensures both "direct access" (i.e. unassisted) and "indirect access" meaning compatibility with a person's assistive technology (for example, computer screen readers). (Source: Wikipedia.org)

A word or phrase that can be inserted as an attribute in an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) document to tell website visitors the nature or contents of an image. (Source: WhatIs.com)

Resources, services, and materials developed by textbook publishers to enhance student learning and increase the value of the textbook.  Ancillary materials include, but are not limited to, multimedia CD-ROMs, special websites, uniquely tailored classrooms within course management systems, exercises, Internet study guides, and Internet tutorial quizzes.

The process by which a content user gives proper credit to the original creator of a work when a portion of that work is reused or adopted outside of its original context. Attribution typically includes a link to the original work and information about the author and license.

Assignments that evaluate whether the student can successfully transfer the knowledge and skills gained in the classroom to various contexts, scenarios, and situations.

A model for designing instructional materials where the instructor or designer begins the design process with a focus on the desired results (i.e., the outcome) of instruction. (Source: Learning-Theories.com)

Creative Commons Attribution license. OER licensed CC-BY can be modified, used commercially and may or may not be shared in the same manner, provided credit is given to the author.

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial license. OER licensed CC-BY-NC can be modified and may or may not be shared in the same manner, but credit must be given to the author and it cannot be used commercially.

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommerical-No derivatives. OER licensed CC-BY-NC-ND cannot be modified or used commercially. It may or may not be shared in the same manner and credit must be given to the author.

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. OER licensed CC-BY-NC-SA can be modified, but must be credit must be given to the author. Additionally, it may not be used commercially and must be shared in the same manner.

Creative Commons Attribution-No derivatives license. OER licensed CC-BY-ND may or may not be shared in the same manner, can be used commercially, but credit must be given to the author and it cannot be modified.

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license. OER licensed CC-BY-SA may be modified and used commercially, provided credit is given to the author and it is shared in the same manner.

One of the definitions of connected learning describes it as an approach to education that is “socially embedded, interest-driven, and oriented toward educational, economic, or political opportunity”. Connected learning is realized when a young person is able to pursue a personal interest or passion with the support of friends and caring adults, and is in turn able to link this learning and interest to academic achievement, career success or civic engagement. This model is based on evidence that the most resilient, adaptive, and effective learning involves individual interest as well as social support to overcome adversity and provide recognition” (Ito et al., 2013)

Assignments where instructors pose questions and problems, then guide students to help them find their own answers.

A theory of learning based on the idea that humans construct their own knowledge through direct experience, as opposed to being taught concepts in the abstract.
Reference: https://www.cultofpedagogy.com/constructivism/

Copyleft is the legal technique of granting certain freedoms over copies of copyrighted works with the requirement that the same rights be preserved in derivative works.

A set of intellectual property laws that give the rightsholder of a work (usually the author) exclusive rights over the reproduction, reuse, remixing, display, performance, and redistribution of their work.

A license permits users to certain rights over a copyrighted work. These can be exclusive (allowed for individual groups) or nonexclusive (allowed for all users). Licenses can be restricted by certain factors such as purpose, territory, duration, and media (Source: Findlaw.com).

The final outcomes that an instructor expects their students to gain by the time the students complete a course.

A set of open licenses that allow creators to clearly mark how others can reuse their work through a set of four badge-like components: Attribution, Share-Alike, Non-Commercial, and No Derivatives.

Creative Commons Licenses are applied to published work online and offer simple and clear information about what other people can and can’t do with that work.

A pedagogical approach that centers its practice on community and collaboration;
must remain open to diverse, international voices, and thus requires invention to reimagine the ways that communication and collaboration happen across cultural and political boundaries;
will not, cannot, be defined by a single voice but must gather together a cacophony of voices; must have use and application outside traditional institutions of education.
Reference: https://pressbooks.pub/criticaldigitalpedagogy/chapter/chapter-1/

A work based on or derived from one or more already existing works. Common derivative works include translations, musical arrangements, art reproductions, and abridgments. (Source: USLegal.com)

Assignments which neither the student nor the instructor will use again.

A legal doctrine that promotes freedom of expression by permitting the unlicensed use of copyright protected works in certain circumstances. In Canada, this is known as Fair Dealing.

A textbook sales model that adds the cost of digital course content into students’ tuition and fees.

The practice or policy of including people who might otherwise be excluded or marginalized, such as those who have physical or mental disabilities and members of minority groups. (Source: Oxford living dictionary)

A piece of software that manages, analyses, and runs educational courses. Canvas and Blackboard are two popular examples.

The process by which a rightsholder (usually the creator of a work) dictates that others can reuse their work in specific ways.

Non-Commercial (NC): Creative Commons license condition that allows others to copy, distribute, display and perform a creative work – and derivative works based on it – but for non-commercial purposes only.

A model by which content creators make their scholarly outputs free to access without cost to users. This can be done either by publishing content with an OA publisher or by sharing a copy of the content on an open repository.

Practices which encourage the development of openness, community engagement, transparency, responsibility, sharing, and accountability in education. (Source: Open Education Practices [Wikibooks])

Free educational materials that are openly licensed to enable reuse and redistribution by users.

A copyright license which grants permission for all users to access, reuse, and redistribute a work with few or no restrictions.

A set of pedagogical practices that include engaging students in content creation and making learning accessible to all.

An umbrella term for a movement comprised of a variety of practices aiming to remove barriers for sharing any kind of research output, including resources, methods, or tools created at any stage of the research process. (Source: FosterOpenScience.eu)

Software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance. (Source: OpenSource.com)

An openly licensed and free to access textbook; an OER meant to be used as a textbook for a course.

A work which is not covered under copyright law, whose copyright has expired, or which has been dedicated to the public domain by its rightsholder is said to be in the public domain.

Adapting a work for your own use.

Assignments which students create for the purpose of sharing and releasing as OER.

A place for storage and retrieval of digital resources.

Make use of a resource as it is, for the original purpose intended. Alternatively, the adaptation, remixing, or modification of OER for new purposes.

Creative Commons license condition that allows others to distribute derivative works only under a license identical to the license that governs the original work.

The outcomes that an instructor expects their students to display at the end of a learning experience (an activity, process, or course). (Source: Elhabashy, 2017).

A process intended to design products that are usable by all people,with or without disabilities, to the greatest extent possible (Edyburn, 2015).

A framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on the concept that, by providing multiple ways of engaging with content, the diverse educational needs of learners can be met.